Periods of hot weather can pose significant health risks, particularly for older adults, young children, pregnant people, and those with pre-existing health conditions. Drawing on guidance from the NHS and workplace advice from ACAS, it is essential that individuals, employers, and organisations take proactive steps to reduce the risk of heat-related illness and maintain safe environments both indoors and outdoors.
Hydration, clothing, and personal wellbeing
A core principle during heatwaves is maintaining regular hydration. Water intake should be encouraged consistently throughout the day, regardless of perceived thirst, as thirst is not always a reliable indicator of dehydration. Caffeinated and alcoholic drinks should be limited where possible, as they can contribute to fluid loss.
Lightweight, loose-fitting clothing is strongly recommended to help regulate body temperature. Where workplaces or settings involve uniforms, reasonable flexibility should be considered to allow for cooler, more breathable options during periods of extreme heat.
It is also vital to actively monitor children, young people, and staff for signs of heat-related illness, including dizziness, confusion, headache, nausea, or excessive fatigue. Any symptoms should be taken seriously and responded to immediately by moving the person to a cooler environment, offering fluids, and seeking medical advice if necessary.
Managing indoor environments
Buildings can quickly retain heat during hot weather, so steps should be taken to maximise airflow and reduce heat build-up. Windows should be opened where it is safe and secure to do so, and blinds or curtains should be closed during peak sunlight hours to reduce solar gain.
Fans and naturally cooler areas of a building should be used wherever possible to support comfort and safety. At the same time, non-essential heat-generating equipment such as unnecessary lighting or electrical devices should be switched off to minimise internal temperature increases.
Improving ventilation is a key priority. This may include controlled use of fire exits or alternative airflow routes where it is safe, compliant, and does not compromise building security or fire safety requirements.
Outdoor work and travel considerations
For those working or travelling outdoors, careful planning is essential. Activities should be scheduled to avoid peak heat periods, typically between late morning and mid-afternoon, when temperatures are highest and UV exposure is strongest.
Regular breaks should be taken in shaded or cooler areas to allow the body to recover. Water should be carried at all times and consumed frequently, even in the absence of thirst.
Appropriate sun protection is essential, including sunscreen, hats, and protective clothing. Wherever possible, prolonged direct exposure to sunlight should be avoided, particularly during the hottest parts of the day.
Workplace responsibility and risk management
Employers have a responsibility to take reasonable steps to protect staff from heat-related risks. This includes adapting working conditions, encouraging safe behaviours, and responding promptly to any signs of heat stress. Where concerns arise about the ability to manage heat risks safely, further guidance or risk assessments should be sought without delay.
By following NHS and ACAS-aligned guidance, organisations and individuals can significantly reduce the risks associated with heatwaves and ensure safer, more comfortable conditions for everyone.
